Assuming your intention would be for school laptops and not much else here we go:
-Asus or Toshiba
--These brands have the lowest manufacturer failure rates and also come with some of the best prices. Sony, Apple, and Dell come after in lowest failure rates, respectively. Sony and Apple are overpriced and typically not worth it, Dell is suitable if you find a deal or just want an easy way to shop.
-Intel over AMD CPU
--Lower power draw, this is changing in the very near future, I believe, but this should still be standard for most laptops on the market. (I'm slightly out of date these days.)
-i3/i5, 4GB of RAM, 250GB harddrive, generally any GPU will be fine.
--Should give you everything you need. You could likely survive on less, even. If you are doing gaming/picture or video editing GPU might be an issue.
-Battery life, this is going to be important as a student.
--Duh. Try to get a 9-cell battery if possible, usually expensive, but always worth it. A secondary battery is nice to have as well.
Basic buying advice:
Try to get a general idea what you want (my mentions above should help), and then size, 17" is nice, but 14"-15" is less bulky, and may be more suitable for you. Once you have an idea what you want, try to build one on various sites or see what you can find available. Various sites post weekly/daily sales, check them out (Gizmodo, etc)
If you're really being cheap and only require note-taking, a netbook should be fine, in that case they're almost all the same, so focus on battery life.
I think I've covered the general basics, but it's 6:30am! Good luck.