They behave differently mechanically because they are different mechanics. Retraining is a minor alteration in your character's options. Replacing a low level power with a higher level power is a significant increase in your character's abilities.
Ok, there are two components to these mechanics:
(1) What level of power you're allowed to choose
(2) How you go about swapping out.
We agree 1 is different between the two of them
However, 2 is described identically in the rules for the two options. So how that behaves should be the same for both.
You can replace a power with another of the same type
... you can replace any daily attack power you know from your class with a new daily attack power
The textual differences are solely based on the generality of the statements. Retraining pp powers is expressly forbidden later (so you're limited to class powers), and 'same type' is implicit in the trading up because it handles that independently by type. In both cases you replace a power with another of the same type, just in one case the level limits change. So why should the replacement mechanic not be identical outside of allowed level targets for wizards as it is for every other class?