The duel of wits I could translate to D&D without much hassle, not sure about SR3.
Goals I guess are a complicated matter. In SR3 you generally further your goals by filling your pockets. Well, I do admit most SR3 characters are hopeless unmotivated. They just wait for the next call, which I personally quite despise. D&D characters just seem to be drifters, and usually personal goals interfere with the campaigns. Oh well, it CAN be different, but it just requires the player to do it by himself.
So yeah, I agree, a goals mechanic would be a nice addition to basically any game that calls itself a roleplaying game. (And in spite of all its combat, D&D DOES call itself that from time to time.)