Q8: Is there a template (other than blooded one) that can simply be bought in game? Preferably for a bruiser, but i'm actually interested in any template that can simply be bought
Ghostwalk has some items that give you the vampire and some other undead templates.
Contingency + create undead/create greater undead can give you other undead options. Lich, dry Lich, lycanthropy, dracolich, spectral savant, demilich, blightspawned, juju zombie, and half-fiend are others that I can think of getting for money, spells, or levels.
Like said before, the shadow-walker, blooded one, mineral warrior, spellstitched, half-golem, and necropolitian templates.
Q 11: Reserves of Strength (Dragonlance) and Calishite Elementalist (RoF) Both allow you to "break" the damage caps on spells, Am I correct in reading that RAW a level 15 caster would get 16d6 Fireball with the use of either of these feats? (The examples on both feats are within the "bounds" and no limit to how far it breaks them is set.)?
A 11: Depends on who you ask on here. I'm of the school that believes RoS removes the cap entirely, allowing the use of the feat by a high CL caster to wreak havoc. I'd have to reread Calishite Elementalist to be certain what it entails specifically.
Calishite Elementalist (and the gold dwarf one) are different from Reserves of Strength, in that they specify "this bonus caster level" allows you to bypass the normal maximum with just that +1 bonus, it seems to sound like.
Whereas Reserves of Strength doesn't actually say "this" but seems to imply it as RAI. But it is one of those poorly written feats.